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Tic Disorders
Other Movement Patterns and Disorders
- Tic:
- Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization
- Akathisia:
- Movements occuring from an inner feeling of restlessness
- Athetoid movements:
- Slow, irregular, writhing movements that most frequently involve the fingers and toes and often may also the face and neck
- Choreiform movements:
- Dancing, random, irregular, nonrepetitive movements
- Dystonic movements:
- Slower, twisting movements interspersed with prolonged states of muscular tension
- Hemiballismic movements:
- Intermittent, coarse, large-amplitude, unilateral movements of the arms or legs
- Hyperekplexia:
- Excessive startle response
- Myoclonic movements:
- Brief, shocklike muscle contractions that may affect parts of muscles or muscle groups but do not take on synergistic pattern
- Opsoclonus:
- "Dancing eyes," form of myoclonus
- Ocular myoclonus:
- Rhythmic vertical oscillations that occur at a rate of approximately 2 Hz
- Palatal myoclonus:
- Rhythmic oscillations of the palate that occur frequently with ocular
myoclonus
- Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis:
- Choreoathetotic movements, that last seconds to a few minutes and may be stimulated by a sudden movement, hereditary or symptomatic
- Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dystonia:
- A dystonia triggered by stress, fatigue, alcohol, caffeine that lasts minutes to hours with a familial pattern of transmission
- Restless legs syndrome:
- A syndrome characterized by a spectrum of symptoms that include periodic movements in sleep and dysesthesia (e.g., crawling sensations underneath skin that are relieved by walking about)
- Periodic movements in sleep:
- A part of the spectrum of restless legs syndrome involving dorsiflexion of the foot and flexion of knee and thigh happen approximately every 20 second
- Painful legs, moving toes:
- A syndrome in which toes of one foot continually alternate between flexion and extension motion while deep pain occurs in the ipsilateral leg
- Spasms:
- A stereotypic, slower, and more prolonged contraction or movement that involves groups of muscles
- Hemifacial spasm:
- Irregular, repetitive, and unilateral contractions of facial muscles on one side of the face
- Oculogyric spasms:
- A sustained deviation of the eyes seen with neuroleptics medications or
as a result of encephalitis lethargica
- Stereotypic movement:
- Repetitive and identical motor behavior that often appears seemingly intentional, driven, and nonfunctional in contrast to tics that have a more involuntary. non-rhythmic quality
- Stuttering:
- A speech disturbance in which the normal fluency and time patterning of speech, is disrupted by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables
- Synkinesis:
- An involuntary movement that occurs when a person performs a voluntary movement (e.g., when a person intends to opens the eyes the head turns to the side)
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